Telegraph system



J. Ha BELL.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM. APPLlcAloN 'm1-:D Nov.` 3, 1917. 1,360,712, PatentedNOV. 30, 1.920.

Y s SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. H. BELL.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

APPLICATION' FILED NOV. 3, 1917. 1,3603 1 2 Patented Nov. 3o, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Ptemd'Nov. 30,1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

mw @Q Nur Swan

Pq uw UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN H. BELL, or SOUTH ORANGE; NEW JERSEY, assTsNoR To WESTERN ELECTRICCOMPANY, INCORPORATED, or NEW YORK7 N. Y.. A CORPORATION or NEW YORK.

TELEGRAEH SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent. 'Patented N0V 3()a 1920.

Application led November 3, 1917. Serial No. 200,070.

`between land lines'and submarine cables.

-In thedevelopment of telegraphic systems, it has always been necessaryto recognize that submarine or cable telegraphy relates to a field ofsignaling practice Well deined and distinct from signaling practice inconnection with land lines. It is of course Well understood that suchdivergence of methods is,` in general,due tothe marked ydifference inthe electrical characteristics Ot `submarine cables as compared withland lines. A system capable for rendering satisfactory and eflicientservice in the lield of land line telegraphs Would be inadequate andperhaps fail to operate if. applied to cable Working and conversely asystem satisfactory for submarine cable telegraphy if applied to landlines would prove entirely inefficient and unsuited for such service.

lt is commonly known that While telegrapliic impulses are undertransmission on either submarine cables or land lines of vother thanmoderate length. they are subjectto unfavorable electrical effects whichhave a tendency to impair their denition or effectiveness at receivingdevices through which they must be manifested.

ln submarine cable Working it has not been possible to attainotherthan'moderate speeds in transmission as compared.l With thelrelatively high 'speed at ivhich land line systems are readily operated,and 'it is Jfre- -quently the case'that messages may beftransmitted inonc direction ata much higher rate ot speed than it is possible toattain in the Opposite direction over the same cable. Such difference inspeedof transmission in the same cable :fr .y be due to peculiarelectrical characteristics of the cable, although better balance of theduplex equipment or a more skilled adjustment of the apparatus also toreproduce a `employed in one direction may be the cause of suchldifference in speeds.

In providing a system to establish ctticient `repeating service inopposite directions between telegraphic circuits of Widely dissimilarelectrical characteristics and to overcome the clitliculties inherenttherewith, a teuv or' which have already been pointed out, the presentinvention comprises distributor means, current amplifying meansandYimpulse storing means whereby character selecting combinations otimpulses comprising diliferent potentials Ot individual polarities whichform anV alternating current may be received, stored and retransmittedin the form ofcharacter selecting-impulses comprising vcombinations ofdifferent polarities f ot a direct current. Such relation of receiving,storing and transmission oi' impulses corresponds with messages routedin one direction, and accordingly the converse of such order oi" thecurrent-s from Which impulse selectingcombinations are formed apply tomessages routed in the opposite direction. ln the regeneration andtranslation of iinpulses it is further contemplated to attain a strengthor clearness of definition at impulse receiving-devices to reliably andeticiently control the recomposing ot' the impulses into a printedmessage at terminal stations and printed message at the repeater stationin order that such pilot Working may serve a inea-ns 'for observingservice?7 atthe latter point.

This invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanyingdrawing in which only so much of atelegraph repeating equipment has beenshown as Will be necessary to a clear understanding oithe invention. i

Referring to the drawing, Figure l illustrates an equipment suitabletor-the reception and retransmission of telcgraphic messages lfrom asubmarine cable'to a land line; Fig. 2 illustrates an equipment suitablefor the reception and retransmission of mes sages from a land line to asubmarine oai ble; and Fig. '3 illustrates an alternate ar- .era-tionnecessaryy inthe. :transmission and printing of a message isdistinguished from all other characte 's or operations, by a certaincombination or permutation ot current impulses. On the land linecircuit, five impulses comprising permutations of currents of positiveand negative polarities are employed, while on the cable circuit liveimpulses comprising successive alternations or baltcycle current periodsare rendered selective through permutations of impulses havingpredetermined minimum strength and impulses incremented to a maximumcurrent strength.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawing, the reference character 8 indicatesa submarine cable terminating in a cable bridge duplex equipmentcomprising bridge-arm condensers 9 and 10, an artificial line All: andan amplifying repeater 18, of the wellI known therniionic type. rl`worelays 410 and 5() ot polarized type are adapted to be selectivelycontrolled by the action of impulses of alternating current from thecable 8 as received through the repeater relay 18. 1n order that thepolar relays 40 and 50 may be conveniently adjusted to margins oroperating range limits whereby they will revmain inert under currents ofpredetermined strengths and responsive only to currents of incrementedstrengths the right-hand wind ing of each relay is connected through anadjustable resistance 428, 58, respectively, with a source of current88. The armature of each relay is normally retracted or biased to theposition in which it is shown, due to the action of the biasing currentin each right-hand coil.

The repeater 18 is of the audion type and com )rises a thermioniccathode or filament 19 w ich is heated by current from a source :20, aninput electrode or grid 287 and an output electrode or plate 29. Theoutput electrode 29 is maintained positive with respect to the filament19 by a source of direct current 38. ln arrangements of this sort it ispreferable to place an impedance 39 in series with the direct-currentsource, and to connect the true output or work circuit in parallel withthe battery and impedance.. Such work circuit customarily 'contains acondenser 30 so that the work circuit is affected only by changes in theoutput current.

rlhose familiar with the operation ot the audion and similar devices,will appreciate that any change in potential difference between theelectrodes 19 and 28 will cause a corresponding change in current in thework circuit. windings oli each of the relays Ll0 and 50, which beingmarginal in operation are not affect-ed by line reversals of normalstrength, but the one or the other oit these relays will respond to anaugmented halt wave, de-

pending on whether this wave is of positive or negative polarity toconnect the ring 68 Included inthis work circuit are Y of distributor Gwith the source of current 60. It may be pointed out that from thestandpoint of switching results it will be understood a relay of neutraltype would serve as a substitute for thetwo polar relays el() and 50.lThe polar relays, however, represent a. preferred arrangement due tobetter operating efficiency and to the fact that the current method ofbiasing to obtain marginal operating adjustments has proven moresatisfactory than mechanical adjustments.

Referring to the distributor G, it will be understood that it may be otany suitable form and preferably of a rotary type of which the drawingpresents a developed view wherein three contacter brushes 78, T9 and 8Omay be carried by radial arms from right to left through theirrespective paths7 as well understood in the art. dotted line 150,inserted for convenience of description divides the distributor intoequal right and left-hand Zones .L and B. which on fourarm orquadriunlex distributor would each correspond with a quadrant thereof.Adjacent the collector ring 68 tive segments 1, 117 21, 31 and 41 inzone A, and live segments 51, 617 71, 81 and 91 in the Zone B aretraversed by the brush 78 to respectively control live storing relays 2,12, 22, 82 and Ll2 indicated as a group C in the Zone A and five similarrelays 527 82, T2. 82 and 92 indicated as a group D in the zone B. rllhestoring relays C and D control the polarity oi currents4 selected tromoppositely poled grounded sources 10T and 109 for inclusion withsegments 7, 17, 27, 37 and 4T and 5T, G7, 77, 8T and 97 respectively,positioned adjaceht a collector ring 69. ln traversing these segmentsand collector ring 69, the brush 79 establishes connection from thecurrent sources 10'? and 109, in combinations as previously selected bythe relays C and D, to a conductor 1411 which extends to (Fig. theneutral point oi' a differential duplexV Aformed by a polar relay 98. anartiticial line AL and a land line conductor 142. As well understood inthe ait such impulses by vay of the conductor 1&1. while neutralized andtherefore rendered noneifective in the relay 98, will act through theline conductor 142 to operate suitable impulse receiving means at adistant station. not shown.

rl`he relays C also control the operation oi magnets Ll, let 2d.. 84:and lll indicated as a group E, and the relays D similarly controlmagnets t, Gil, 74, and 94 comprising a group F. The magnet groups E andF respectively control (by suitable means not shown) telegraph receiversemployed as pilot or service observing receivers for the convenience ofattendants the repeater station as already mentioned.

A third path or section on the distributor rCr comprises aV collectorring andvsegments adjacent .thereto traversed; byi y,the brush 80. At .aproper monient,.tliis brush connects a source Ioicurrent100 by Way otthelco'llector ring 70' and a segment 11710 operate a magnet 118,whereby suitable mechanism controlled thereby` initiates a printingcycle oni-the observing printer -assumed to be responsive to the magnetsF. Immediatelyl following this action the brush establishes the source100 over a segment 111 to operate a relay 112, whereby separation of itscontacts 113. disconnects a bus conductor.114 to disable the `fivestoring relays comprising the group D. It will be understood that suchreleasing ofl the-relays D clears out a previously stored combination oflive impulsescorresponding with a character alreadyreceived from .thecable 8, retransmitted to-the land line section 142 and also recorded onthe service observing printer bythe printing cycle justinitiated throughthe operation of the relay `118. In a similar manner the brush80fin turntraverses a Y cycle control relay 116 effective on the` serviceobserving receiver assumed to be associated `vith the group of selectingmagnets Following this action the brush 80 ,passes over a segment 101 tooperate a releaserelay 102 and on the separation of. its contacts; 10? abus conductor 104 isdisconnected to dis- 'able allj of the relayscomprising the group s The printing cycle and release of the relays Cclearsoutan impulse combination previously received yfrom the cable 8,and retransmitted tothe .land line section in a manner similary to thatdescribed for the other Zone of the distributer.

i message ivill be in step with the brush 78 as it successively sweepsover-the tive segs ments in the zone A, and live impulses correspondingwith ajcharacter for a second .message Vwill successively arrive inphase .with the presence of the brush 7 8.overcor- .responding ones ofthe five segments in the vzone BJ The sending brush 79 may be arrangedto travel slightly in the'reai of the receiving brush 78er it may followone ventire zone to the rear oic the receiving' brush and in turn thevclearing out brush v80 may travel in phase `With the sending-brush.

Such spacing arrangement of. the brushes insures ample time V'foroperation and socalled settling of `the storinglrelays C and D,andoperation ofthev selectingema'gnets E and 'F and properretransmission or repeating of impulses before a combination is clearedout; For convenience of descrip Vsegment 115 tov operate aV printing' Ytion, however, itmay beV assumed `that V the three brushes travel inphase one With the othersV lin the positions inV which they ar shoivn vin the drawing. y

Forth@ purpose of a iirst illustration le it. be assumedthat' fivesuccessive impulses, each of minimum strength, are received from thecable 8 during an interval `the ytrailer brushes are traversing thedistributei Vzone A andthat anotherr five succesive im-y pulses ofincrementedstrength arrive over the cable duringlthe period-the brushesaie in the zone B. Accordingly, since the impulses of minimum strengthdo not result in no operatingcircuit may be'established Aby :the brush78 to the relays C andthis 'brush accordingly idly traversesits path inthe VZone A during such live-impulse interval.

The inert position of the relays C permits thev sending brush 79 tosuccesively connect the source of positively poled grounded cui'- rent109 With the collector ring k69,thence over the conductor 141 tothe landline section 142. The current paths extend from a currentbus'108,fcontacts 6, 16, 26,36 and 4.6

of the relays 2, 12,22, 32 and;42, respectively, `as the brush 79 passesover the corresponding segments 7 17, 27, 37 and 47 and siiccessivelyjoins them With the ring 69. vThe succeeding combination of liveincremented impulses from the cable 8 alternately operates the polarrelays 40 and 50 to 4connect the source of current 60 over the contacts49, 59, respectively, With the collector ring 68. For the irstimpulse'the brush 78 will bepassing overthe segment 51, therebyconnecting thelsource 60 through-the Winding ofthe relay 52, the relaybus conductor 114, and cont-acts 113 of the loclr release relay A112toearth. The relay 52 thereby operated establishes a self-looking circuitfrom a source of grounded current 105, av bus conductor 106, theAWinding of selecting magnet 54, contacts 53 of the relay vwhereby thesource of current 105 is substituted for the source 60. In a.similarmanner each one of the storing relays 62, 72, 82 and 92 Will beoperated as thevbrush 78 sweeps over the corresponding segments 61, 71,81 and 91. The four last mentioned relays seltloclr over theirrespective contacts 63, 73,83 and 93 lthrough corresponding magnets 64,74, 84 and 94. Through respective contacts v55,v 65, 75, 85 and 95 ofthe relays 52, 62, 72, -82 and 92, a negatively poled Vcurrent bus 110extending from the grounded current source 107 iscorrespondingly,connected With segments 57, 67, 77, 87 and-`97 oftlie'distributer; therefore, as the brush 79 passes overthese segmentsimpulses 'of negative current are impressed, by yWay of the col- Alil()ill 5 lector ring 69 and conductor 141, on the land line section 142.

From the foregoing description it will be obvious that in response to acombination ofive impulses comprising permutations of different currentamplitudes, storing relays corresponding in position of sequence to thestronger impulses will be operated, while storing relays corresponding`with impulses of minimum strength will remain inert, and therefore thetrailer arm 79 in passing over the associated segments will transmit apermutation of `impulses to the line 142 wherein the polarities will benegative for the operated storing relays and positive for thenon-operated relays. As commonly referred to in printing telegraphs, inthe present system the positive impulses to the land line section 142would be termed spacing impulses, while the negative impulses would betermed marking impulses.

In a proper time relation with the other operations just described, thebrush 80 in traversing its path connects the source of current 100 tooperate the printing cycle magnets 116 and 118 and the lock releaserelays 102 and 112 as and for the purposes already described.

Referring to Fig. 2 of the drawing, the land line section 142 includedthrough the windings of the polar relay 98 and artiicial line AL toearth is also traversed by incoming impulses from a distant station (notshown) whereby the armature of the relay 98 is moved to and fro in phasewith the polarity of such impulses. For convenience, it may be assumedthat such impulses move the armature to correspondingly establishcontact with the associated positive and negatively poled sources ofgrounded current adjacent thereto. In turn operation of the relay 98similarly operates a second polar relay 99 connected therewith. Aconductor 143 established in derived circuit relation from the conductorwhich connects the armature of the relay 98 with the winding of therelay 99 is so placed between the two relays that it may be extended tocontrol a suitable synchronizing equipment as well understood in theart.

rihe distributer equipment employed for this portion of the repeaterservice is in general similar to the distributer equipment shown andalready described in connection with Fig. 1 of the drawing; therefore,similar characters of reference or corresponding progressions thereofwill be employed in so far as they may be applied in designatingcorresponding parts or devices which serve or function to edectrelatively similar service operations. ln secondarily responding toincoming impulses from the main line 142, as described, the armature ofthe relay 99 alternately establishes the associated positive andnegatively poled current sources 109 and 107 with the collector ringr68of the distributer Gr. Since telegraphic characters or symbols aretransmitted over the line 142 by live-unit code combinations ofdifferent polarities, it will be understood that the' that theseimpulses will be followed by liveV impulses of alternately negative andpositive polarities to form part of a message being received in the,zone B of the distributer. rlhe lirst live impulses will retain thearmature of the line relay 98 `biased to establish the associatedpositively poled current source to in turn retain the armature of therelay 99 biased to its positively poled current source 109; therefore,the collector ring 68 will be energized from this current source duringthe time the brush 7 8 sweeps over the segments 1, 11, 21, 31 andV 41,thereby effecting the operation of each one of the storing relays 2, 12,22, 32 and 42. ln tracing the operating circuit for the relay 2corresponding with the first one of the five incoming impulses, suchpath starts from the source of current 109, thence over the armature ofthe relay 99, collector ring 68, brush 78, segment 1, winding of therelay 2, a bus conductor 104, the contacts 103 of the lock release relay102, thence through the negatively poled source of current 107 to earth.On responding to current through this circuit the relay 2 establishes aselflocking circuit extending from a current bus 106, included with apositively poled source 105, the winding of the selecting magnet 4,contacts 3 of the relay 2 to the winding of this relay, therebysubstituting 'the source 105 for the source 109, at the relay 99. ln asimilar manner the other four relays C and magnets D are successivelyoperated through the brush 78 and held locked through correspondingpaths closed respectively by the relay contacts 13, 23, 38 and 48 ofthese relays. The disposition of these stored irnpulses will beconsidered presently. linmediately following reception of the livepositive impulses the assumed live alternate negative and positiveimpulses will work the line relay 98 and in turn the relay 99 toalternately establish the sources 107 and 109 with the collector ring68; therefore the brush 78 in phase with the first negative impulseestablishes the collector ring 68 with the segment 51, whence thecircuit extends through the winding of the relay 52", a bus conductor114, the contacts 113 of the lock release relay 112 to the positivelypoled current source 109. Operation of the relay 52 'lio establishes aself-locking circuit from a source of grounded negative current 123, a

bus conductor 124,'the selecting magnet 54,

V,over the Winding of relay 62, the bus 114,

the contacts`113 of the relay 112 to the source of positive current109.` Since the Vsource of current 109 at .the relay 99 may beconsidered as the same source 109 present at the relay 112v (or asimilarly poled source of equal potential) no Vcurrent will resultthroughV the path just traced; therefore, the relay 62:'Wi'll remaininert. At a moment the brush 79 is over the segment 71 negative Y.current will be established with the collector y positive polarityencountered by the brush ring 68, and the relay 72 Will be operated andlocked in a manner corresponding` ivitli the operations "described forthe relay 52. At the segment 81`tliefourth impulse of 79 lpermits thevrelayv 82 to remain inert from conditions similarV to those describedforthe relay 62, While the fifth impulse being negative acts over thebrush 7 8 and segment 91y to operate and in turn permit locking of therelay 92 in the same manner as Y established atthe relays 62 and 72.

` Directing attention to 'the retransmission of the impulses stored inthe relay groups C andv E an alternating current generator 121developing a single phase current preferably of sine wave form, :isincluded in a closed loop'formed through a resistance unit l122 and aWinding A126 of a transformer 125. Currentiin'this loop circuitestablishes corresponding current action inthe Winding V127 of thetransformer, and a ground 120 vpermits these currents to traverse aconductor 130 to (Fig. 1) the apex 140 of the cable'duplexthence overthe cable circuit 8 to an assumed'distant station. i-it the distributerGr, Fig. f2, the brush 7 9 following the brush l78, say the distanceofone 'seg' ment'to the'rear thereof,'on arriving at the Y segment 7Vestablishes a circuit from a conductor 128, through the contacts 5 ofthe i'elay 2,-the segment 7, bi'u'slif7 9, collector-ring 69, to' aconductor 129. It'ivill be noted thatY the conductors 128 and 129 arehalf-tapped at opposite endslof'tlie resistance unit 122 in thegenerator loop circuit; therefore, the conc nection just traced effectsa' short circuit on 60" this unit.l thereby .permitting the generator121 to develop a Vcurrent of maximum strengthin the` transformer Winding126 and therefore a current of correspondingly induced strength'inthecable 8.

ln'addition to Iassuniingthat the distributer G is maintained suitablysynchronized with incoming impulses from the line 142, it will befurther understood that the'generator 121 is also maintained' in suchsynchronous relation With the distributer that-:a halfwave or onealternation of current developedl thereby will be timed to rise and fallsymmetrically with a period the brush 79 is traversing one of thesegments in its path,r and that the zero mcinents'of the generator 121will therefore occur at such times as the brush 7 9 is midway betweentivo segments.

Since each' oneof the storing relays'in the group C isnoW assumed to beheld operated, it will be'. clear that as the' brush 79 traverses theremaining segments 17, 27,' 37 and 47 of the zone A, circuits typical ofthose described 4 for the relay 2 will result in the resistance'r unit122 being short-circuited during each y half-Wave alternation from thegenerator 121. It Will, therefore, be vobvious that the five successivepositive impulses assumed as received from the line'142 ivei'efirststored in the relays -C and translated by the dis-- tributer brushr 79vvto establish jfiv'e incremented alternate positive and negative halfwaveimpulses in thecable 8. At an' assumed distant station on the cable thealternating impulses may be received on a bridge duplexarrangement'similarto the equipment shown and alreadyV described inconnection with Fig. 1 of the 'drawing' but arranged to suitably controlthe receiver ofz a printing tele-l graph. l y i Gn entering the zone`B,'thve brush 79es tablishes a circuit prepared through the contacts 55of the relay 52, from segment 57 to the collector ring.V 69, therebyjoinino the conductors 128 and 129 :to short-circuil the resistance unit122.' The'separated position of the contact 6 5 of the relay v62 (nowinert) prevents short-ciicuiting of theresistance 122 during the timethe brush 79 is traversing the associated segment 67. In a similarmanner the brush in turn respectively short-circuits,"non-short-circuits and short-circuits the'unit'122 as it passessuccessively over thelast threesegments 77, 87 and 97. It Willaccordingly be clearthat the' five alternately negative and positiveinipulses received from the landv line section 142 were first stored' atthe relays E and in turn rendered effective by the distributer to beretransmitted or translated into the cable 8 in the form of fivesuccessive alteinationsv or half-Waves in they order of maximum,minimum, maximum, minimum and maximum strengths, respectively.

Referring to the brush 80 of the distributer, it may be setto travel. instep Witli'the ico brush 79 as already mentioned, and during tablishesthe collector ring 70, included with the'current source 100, with thesegment 115 to operate the printer control relay or niagnet 116 tothereby start a cycle of operations Vwhich automatically result inestablishing on the service observing printer assumed to be undercontrol of the magnets D a record or other code action correspondingwith the five positive impulses received by the relays C from the line142. @n arriving at the segment 101, the brush includes the currentsource 100 to operate the loclr release relay 102, and separation oicontacts 103 thereotl disconnects the relays C which thereupon restoreand in turn release the magnetsD. 0n rentering the zone i1, the brushincludes the source 100 over the segment 117 to operate the niagnetvll,whereby a printing cycle is started to record on an observing printercontrolled by the magnets l, a character or other code operationcorresponding `with the live alternate nega ive and positive impulsesreceived from the line 142 and stored by the relays E. At the segi'nent111 the brush 80 eliects operation of the relay 112, thereby releasingthe rclaysof group E and also the magnetsF.

Referring to Fig. 3 oilI the drawing, 'the principal difference betweenthis alternate arrangement and the arrangement shown in F ig. 2 is thesubstitution oi a group ci direct current sources shown as batteries Hfor the alternating current generator 121 and the employment of anamplifier relay 18 for controlling current action in the transformer 125for impressing repeated impulses on the ca ble S. ln describing theoperation of this alternate arrangement let it be considered assubstituted for the arrangement shown in Fig. 2. Since correspondingcharacters oi.t reference have been employed as far as possible in thesefigures oi the drawing and in View of the majority of the operationsbeing obvious, following an understanding of the foregoing description,attention. will be more particularly confined to the features by whichthe tivo arrangements dilier.

In describing this alternate arrangement, let it first be assumed thataseries ot five impulses in the successive order 01"' positive, negative,positive, positive and negative are received from the lire 142. Sincethe first impulse ot the series is of positive polarity, the polaryrelay 98 will Work the polar relay 99,- as described, and the tirstimpulse Will accordingly include the source ot positive current 109 Withthe distributer ring G8. The brush 78 in phase with this impulse Will bepassino` over the segment 1, thereby extending a connection from thesource 100. through the Winding of the relay 2, a bus conductor 104 andthe contacts 10?) .f Vthe lock release relay 102, to theV negativelypoled source 107. The relay 2, therefore, operates and establishes asell-locking circuit through its contacts 3, and the magnet 4, 'lrolnthe positively poled source 105. Separation of the contacts 0 oi.I therelay 2 disconnects a bus conductor 131 half-tapped intern'iediateserially connected sources of current 130 and and the closing ofcontacts 5 of the relay 2 establishes the segment 7 oi" the distributorwith a bus conductor 133, which is included with 'the extreme potentialterminal of the source Yformed by the positively-poled sources 130 and132.

The second impulse i'rom the line conductor 142 being negative, therelay 99 Will be correspondingly biased to include the source 107 Withthe collector ring 68. Although the brush 7 8 Will now be over thesegment 11, the corresponding relay 12 will not respond, since thegrounded source of current 107 at the relay is the same or of the samepolarity and potential as the source 107 at the relayY 102 to which therelay bus 104 is connected, as already traced. The contacts 10 of thenoiv inert relay 12 include the segment- 17 with a bus conductor whichis half-tapped intermediate serially connected sources ofnegatively-poled current and 137. The liolloiving threeimpulses-positive, positive Vand negativefrom the line 142, willrespectively-operate the relays 22 and 32 While the relay 42 Willcontinue inert, the magnets 24 and 34 also being operated While themagnet 44 continues inert, all as eilccted through operationsrespectively corresponding with those already described in connectionwith the relays 2 and 12. T he contacts 25ct' the relay include thepositive current bus 183 with Y the segment 27 the contacts 35 of therelay 32 connect the segment 37 with a bus conductor 13S which extendsto the extreme or high potential negative pole ot the serially connectedsources 135 and 137. The normal contacts 46 ot `the relay 42 include thesegment 47 with the current bus 131.

.ln its regular travel through the zone A, the transmitting brush 79Will establish the high-potential and positively poled current bus 133nou' included with the segment 7 as described, with the collector ring69, thence this current acts through the circuits formed by thecondenser 230, the impedance or inductance 239 and a source oit' current240 to electrically affect the grid 28 of the amplilier 18, therebyacting with the hot filament if) and a conductor 139, connected inhairtap at an intermediate point on the current sources ll. The battery240 maintains the grid 2S negative With respect to the tilament 19a-nd aresistance 241 serves with the battery in this connection. As connected,the conductor 139 establishes, in connection with the bus conductors131, 138, 136 and 138, positive and negative potentials of maximum andminimum strengths through the distributer equipment. Electrical actionset upI in the amplifier relay 18through the circuit traced, establishescurrent change in the loop completed through the current `source 38,filament 19, plate 29 and winding 126 of the transformer 125.Translation of 'this effect to the winding 127 .of the transformer setsup a corresponding impulse of high potential current through theconductor 130 to the submarine cable 8 (Fig. 51). From the segment 17the brush 7 9 connects the intermediate potential and negatively poledbus 136 to the `collector vring 69, whenceiit sets up current changes inthe kcircuit already traced from the segment@ to establish an oppositelypoled current impulse of minimum potential through the 'conductorv 130to the cable 8. At segment 27 the high potential-positivel current bus13,3 is connected through the brush 79 to establish a current ofcorresponding polarity andistrength in thecable- 8.; FromV segment 37the high potential negative bus 138 will correspondingly Vestablishvcurrent action inthe cable. 8, and from the segment 47,'the minimumpotential positive bus 131 establishes a current of related ypolarityand strength in the cable S. l f

In traversing its path through the zone F, the brush 78 is effective tocontrolthe-relays E in conformity with incoming impulses fi'om the line142, and the brush 79 there- Y after following through its path,releases polarities` and current strengthv thereof to effectcorrespondingchanges of current in the cable 8 in a manner similar tothe operations already-described in connection with the Zone A. Y

In passing through its path in the zone B, the brush 80 first includesthe current source 100 over the segment 115 to operate the magnet. 116,whereby a printing cycle is initiated corresponding with selectionsestablished by the magnets D-as selected by thefive impulses justtraced, following which the brush 80 causes the segment 101 to be ener'-gized, thereby operating the relay 102 to separate its contacts 103,Vthereby disconnecting and permitting the relays 2, 22 and 32 and in turnthe selecting magnets 4,24' and 34, to restore.

As already stated the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 of the drawingprovides for the substitution of sources of direct-current for analternating current generator. In this connection, it will be pointedout'that features of the condenser 230 and the inductance 239 are torender thedirect current impulses lessy abrupt by removing the corners?thereof and somodifyingthe impulses that they will be smooth or roundedto a wave form more nearly-corresponding,with currents produced by asine wave alternator for which the direct 'current sources have beensubstituted.' It will alsobementioned that in situations where it may bepossible or desirable to .dispense with the amplifier equipment, thecircuit from the sending ring 69 may be connected to include only thecondenser 230, inductance 239, transformer winding 126 and returnconductor 139; the batteries 38, 240, resistance 241 and amplifier 18being eliminated from the sending circuits. y

In the operation-of the present system it is contemplated that thedistributer (Fig. 1) employed in the reception of signals from the cableS-Will be operated in synchronism with a transmitting equipment employedat the distant end of the cable, and that this dist-ributer equipmentwill, in the mattei' of driving speed, be separate and distinct from thedriving speed of the distributer (Figs. 2 or 3) employed in thevreception of signals from the land line 142. The latter distributerwill, of course, be maintained in synchronism with a transmittingstation at a distant point on or at the terminal of the land line 142.

Synchronizing arrangements suitablevfor accomplishing the resultsdescribed are wellknown in the art, and the mattei' of independentspeeds for the distributers respectively corresponding with messagesfrom .the cable to the land line and viceversa provide that messages maybe transmitted in one direction at speeds entirely independent of thespeedsat which messages may be under transmission at the same time inthe Y opposite direction.

In the foregoing description of the present system themethods employedfor message transmission over the land line circuit have been arrangedin keeping with the usual practice forsuch telegraph working in ordei`to facilitate the matter of transferring or interconnecting differentland lines to a submarine cable, all as may be necessitated in thecommercial handling and routing of telegraphic traffic. lt will beunderstood, however, that the present system may be considered ascontemplating the employment of wave-currents on af land-line section insituations where such alternate Varrangement would be desirable, or-inestablishing repeater service between two submarine cables. Since allequipment necessary Vfor such repeater service is illustrated in thepresent drawings. a form or arrangement for such equipments will now bedescribed in connection with these drawings withoutiadding otherdrawings to the case.

In forming a system whereby wave-currents may be employed for thetransmission of signals in cach of a plurality of circuits interwoikingthrough repeater means, letit be assumedthat an equipment similar to thedistributerV and the generator 121 and its associated devices shown inFig. 2, be substituted for the distributer equipment shown Viso inFig. 1. and in turn, the employment oa receiving zu'rangement similar tothe entire equipment intermediate the cable 8 and the distributershownin Fig. 1 in substitution ot the receiving equipment intermediatethe land line .ls-2 and 'the distributer shown in Fig. Q et the drawing..en additional change requires earth connections in substitution oi" thecurrent sources T and 109 adiacent the relays 102 l and 112,respectively, of the distributer, thereby rendering the distributersections traversed by the brush 8O in the present arrangement similar tothe corresponding section, as shown in Fig. 1. i

From the description already given of the system it Will be obvious thatby this alternate cordination of the equipments, Wavecurrentsdistinguished or characterized by dii'lerentstrengths of thealternations there of may be received from the land line section 142 andretrzmsmitted in the torni ot new or regenerated Wave currents oisimilar selectable characteristics to the sulnnarine cable S, vand viceversa, with respect to the rccelition and Vretiranemission of avecurrents routed lroin the cable 3 to the line 1&2.

1tV irill be `further pointed out that a substitution or rearrangementot the apparatusl scribed in connection With Figs. 1 and Q.

Such arrangement of the system. Would re.- sult in signaling beingcarried on in both the cable 8 and tlieline 142 on the basis etalternations ot potential from the direct current source ll' in whichsignaling would be effected by different strengths oit such alternatepolarities of direct currents, as already described.

In situations Where it may be desirable to employ a system of Wavecurrents.l as illustrated in Fig. 1, tor transmission over one linecircuit, and the system ot successively alternating polarities oi"direct currents as illustrated in Fig. 3, over another line circuit, itwill be clear that the use ot' distributer equipments modiiied by theelimination of the sources ot' current 10? and 109, as alreadydescribed, and the emclear that, in generahimpulses rendered selectablethrough varying strengths ot alternations of 'Wave currents incomingfrom a submarine cable are received, amplified7 stored and retransmittedto a land line sec tion, and that in such operations the impulses areregenerated or corrected, true to predetermined form with respect topotential and duration oit each retransmitted impulse.V Correction etrepeated impulses is particularly effected through the employment or'relatively short segments placed central in their respective positionson the receiving sections ot the distributer, in order to utilize onlythe better or middle portion ot' such impulses, While the segments onthe Vsending or retransmitting sections of the distributer are ofgreater length, thereby eii'ccting a length ot impulse correspondingwith the time required by a sending brush in passingV over such asegment.

lt will also be clear that impulses received :trom a land linesectionare conversely received, stored and retransmitted to a submarine cablein thet'orm of either continuous alternations of Wave currents or in thetorni of successively alternate polarities Yot' direct currents. In suchoperations the impulses are, as described, corrected or regenerated trueto predetermined form and if desired, suitably ampliiied.

lVhat is claimedV is: Y

1. ln combination with a submarine telegraph cable circuit and a landline circuit, means for the reception of signaling impulses formed byincremented halt-Waves ot unbroken Wave currents from said cable, andmeans for translating in said land line circuit impulses formed fromdirect currents.

E2. lnbombination with a rst and a second telegraph circuit, means foremploying incremented half-Wares of an alternating current for signalingin said rst circuit, means tor employing direct currents for signalingin said second circuit, and means for translating said incremented haltWave currents into direct currents in repeating signals from said firstto said second circuit.

3. In combination with a submarine telegraph cable circuit and a landline circuit., means for the reception of signaling impulses formed ofdirect currents Jfrom said land line, and means for translating said impulses into incremented half Wave currents in repeating from the landline into the cable.

ln combination With a land line and a submarine cable, means Jforrepeating telegraphic impulses from the land line to the cable'comprising means for the reception and storing of impulses distinguishedby diii'erent polarities of current from said land line, means fortranslating said impulses into impulses distinguished by varyingstrength and current, and amplifying means to relay said translatedimpulses into said cable.

ln combination With a submarine cable and a land line, means forrepeating telegraphic impulses from the cable to the land linecomprising current-amplifying reception means,and means operatingtherewith for storing incoming signaling impulses formed of incrementedhalf-waves of unbroken wave currents from said cable and through theemployment ofdirect current sources translating said incrementedhalfwave impulses into direct currents in said land line.

6. In a telegraph repeater system, a submarine cable, a land line, meansfor the employment of varying strength of alternations of wave currentsfor signaling over said cable, means for the employment of oppositepolarities of direct current for signaling over said land line,distributermeans effective with the signaling means of said cable andsaid landline, and relays effective with said distributer for thereception and storing of impulses from said cable and their translationinto said land line.

7. In a system for repeating telegraphic signals between circuits havinginherently different electrical characteristics, means for workingimpulses characterized by different strength of alterations of wavecurrents, means for working impulses characterized by differentpolarities of direct currents, and means effective with said means forworin ing wave currents and saidvmeans for working direct currents forthe reception, storing y and translation of wave impulses into directcurrent impulses and vice versa.

S. In a telegraphV repeater system, a sul marine cable over whichsignaling is effected by different strengths of alternations of wavecurrents, a plurality of polar relays responsive to saidalternationswhich have maximum strength only, distributer means, sourcesof current, a land line over which signaling is effected by differentpolarities of direct current, and a plurality of relays effective withsaid polar relays and said distributer for repeating telegraphic signalsbetween said submarine cable and said land line.

9. In a telegraph repeater system, a land line circuit over whichsignaling is effected by impulses of different polarities, polarizedrelay means selectively responsive to said impulses, sources of directcurrent, a submarine cable circuit over'which signaling is effected byalternations of different strength of Wave currents, distributer means,and a plurality of relays effective With said polar relay means and saiddistributer means for the reception of signals from said land line andthe control of said source of wave-currents to retransmit said signalsto said submarine cable.

l0. In a telegraph repeater system, a first circuit having low timeconstant electrical characteristics, a second circuit having high timeconstant electrical characteristics, means for signaling over said firstcircuit by means of unbroken alternating wave currents, means forsignaling over said second circuit by means of energy from directeurrentsources, distributer means, and a plurality of relays effective withsaid distributer means and the signaling means of said first and secondcircuits for translating alternating signaling currents to directcurrents from said first to said second circuit.

11. In a telegraph repeater svstem, a first circuit having high timeconstant electrical characteristics, a second circuit'having low timeconstant electrical characteristics, means for signaling over said firstcircuit by means of energy from direct current sources, means forsignaling over said second circuit by Vmeans of unbroken alternatingwave currents, distributer means, and a plurality of relays effectivewith said distributer means and the signaling means of said first andsecond circuits to translate direct cur- Y rent signals to alternatingcurrent signals from said first to said second circuit.

l2. In a telegraph repeater system, a duplexed submarine cable and aduplexed land line, a first and a second distributer, relays associatedwith each of said distrbuters, means including current amplifier meansand sources of direct current effective with the first distributer andits associated relays to JOHN H. BELL.

